Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Original Research Article | OPEN ACCESS

Evaluation of 90-day subchronic oral toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea Roxb (Verbenaceae) leaves in Wistar rats

Razack Osseni^1-3 , Azonbakin Simon², Diallo Aboudoulatif⁴, Habib Ganfon⁵, Fagbemi Kaossarath², Adjagba Marius², Sanni Sekossounon³, Bonaventure Awede¹, Bigot Andre³, Darboux Raphael², Laleye Anatole²

¹Unité de Formation et Recherche en Physiologie; ²Unité de Formation et Recherche en Biologie Humaine; ³Unité de formation et de Recherche en Immunologie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, B énin; ⁴Département de Toxicologie, Faculté Mixté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Lomé, Togo; ⁵Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et de Phytothérapie, Faculté des Sciences de la Santé, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, B énin.

For correspondence:- Razack Osseni Email: abdourazackosseni@ymail.com Tel:+22996510075

Accepted: 15 July 2019 Published: 31 March 2020

Citation: Osseni R, Simon A, Aboudoulatif D, Ganfon H, Marius A, Kaossarath F, et al. Evaluation of 90-day subchronic oral toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea Roxb (Verbenaceae) leaves in Wistar rats. Trop J Pharm Res 2020; 19(3):617-622 doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v19i3.23

© 2020 The authors.
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Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the 90 day sub-chronic toxicity of aqueous extract of Gmelina arborea leaves in Wistar rats.

Methods: Rats were submitted to repeated daily oral administration of extract (250, 62.5 and 15.62 mg/kg) of Gmelina arborea leaves. The control groups were given distilled water and the rats were monitored for any toxicity symptoms as well as body and organs weights, water and food intake changes. The biochemical, haematological and histolopathological parameters were analysed.

Results: The 90 days administration of the aqueous extract did not produce any toxicity signs or mortality. In addition, no significant alteration in water or food intake by the rats was observed. Although there were no changes in the body weights, significant decrease in the weight of the kidneys of the rats was observed at 250 mg/kg. Biological parameters as well as the histopathology of liver and kidneys were not significantly affected. Significant decreases were noted in glucose level at the three dose levels. In addition, significant difference in the levels of transaminases, glucose and platelets were observed.

Conclusion: The 90-days subchronic toxicity test on Gmelina arborea did not produce any toxic effects. This confirms the safety of the plant leaves by traditional medicine practitioners.

Keywords: Gmelina arborea, Subchronic toxicity, Wistars rats, Biological parameters